4.0 LIES

Sorry to have to go to the technical stuff but this is most urgent..

In my 'travels' on the net.. particularly Twitter.. certain false ideas held very close by my critics.. recur again and again ad-nauseum..

"The second law does not apply to evolution.. because of the sun"
"The second law only applies to closed systems.. earth is not a closed system"
"The flow of energy from the sun more than accounts for any small decrease in entropy on earth with massive increase in the universe"

All three are really saying the SAME THING.. so can be answered comprehensively with the same verified and well known science. The statements include a small grain of truth.. but for reasons I will demonstrate are actually false and misleading.. because they are based on a real lie. I don't just mean something that's 'false' incidentally.. I mean a LIE.. a deliberate false statement by someone who KNOWS what they are saying..

The first is..

"ENTROPY IS A MEASURE OF UNAVAILABLE ENERGY AND ITS INCREASE IS JUST THE INCREASE IN ENERGY UNAVAILABLE TO DO WORK" and it comes from a number of sources including the Wikipedia.. It takes many guises such as..
"THERMODYNAMIC ENTROPY IS MEASURED BY HEAT FLOW AND DIFFERENT FROM STATISTICAL ENTROPY WHICH ONLY APPLIES TO IDEAL OR RAREFIED GASES"..

What these are actually saying is..
"THERMODYNAMIC ENTROPY IS NOT DISORDER".. or
"THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF ENTROPY"
Hawking, Penrose, Boltzman, Plank, Gibbs etc.. do not agree..

First I will answer in words even a deluded atheist on Twitter can understand.. then do some math..

The whole idea of entropy = disorder originates with Ludwig Boltzmann's work around 1902.. Clausius had already discovered the effect of heat energy dissipation which he called 'entropy' some 40-50 years prior. It was Ludwig Boltzmann's belief in the atomic theory of matter that gave us the real understanding of what heat and entropy ultimately are.. for which he committed suicide in 1906 tormented by the club of big names still holding that matter was continuous! So what did he discover..

Heat = energy of motion of atoms which spreads because they jostle each other.. the end result being a random distribution of motion (momentum) which can be expressed as a probability distribution.

An equally important result of this is the jostling process also leads to a random distribution of position of the atoms. By which we understand atomic diffusion.

Entropy = a measure of how random both in position and momentum a particular group of atoms (called a system) has become.

A system in any state which is not fully random in both momentum and position of its atoms is said to have order. If it is fully randomized in both position and momentum of its atoms it is said to be in equilibrium.

So entropy by definition is a measure of how disordered a system is. Boltzmann showed us how it is calculated. What people denying this are really saying is entropy is measured only by atomic momentum (heat energy) and not position as well. They have been MISLED.. more to come.